Paediatric Neurology is a branch of Paediatrics, a person needs to do additional training in Paediatric Neurology. Children and not small adults their diseases are different than adults. They needs to be managed differently. Paediatric Neurologist manages children from newborn to adolescent.

Seizure is a single episode of abnormal electrical activity in brain leading to different types of clinical manifestations.Seizures may affect awareness, movement, or behaviour. If a child gets 2 or more unproved seizure it is called epilepsy.

Febrile seizure is an episode of seizure which occurs when the child has high fever,. Febrile seizure occurs between ages of 3 months to 6 years. 2-5% of children will have febrile seizures. Febrile seizure does not require treatment. If you have febrile seizure there is 50% chance that you may get another episode. Febrile seizure does not mean that you will develop epilepsy later in life.

An EEG (electroencephalogram) measures your brain’s electrical activity. EEG helps diagnose and monitor brain-related conditions like epilepsy. An EEG is completely safe and painless.

MRI is a machine with uses magnet and radio waves to create detailed picture of your brain, it can help in diagnosing many diseases of brain and spinal cord. MRI is not harmful and can even be done when baby is not born yet. Younger children need to be sedated for MRI Study.

There is equal change of passing genetic condition to a child with each pregnancy. If a child has been diagnosed with genetic condition, parents needs to be tested whether they carry same genetic mutation. When mother is pregnant with next baby then genetic test can done to determine whether this baby does have same condition.

Migraine and headache are global disabling conditions causing considerable individual suffering and impaired quality of life in children and adolescents. The estimated overall mean prevalence of headache was 54.4% and the overall mean prevalence of migraine was 9.1%.

Migraine runs in families, as 70 percent of sufferers are found to have a hereditary influence. In fact, a child has a 50 percent chance of having migraines if one parent suffers from them, and a 75 percent chance if both parents suffer.

Most children with epilepsy have no learning problems and do well at school.
However, for a variety of reasons, there’s a higher rate of school performance difficulties in children with seizures including poor attendance.
For this reason, all children with epilepsy should have their school progress monitored.

When a child with epilepsy appears to be having trouble learning, it is important to:
- Test the child to find out what type of learning problem the child has and how severe it is.
- Look for any treatable, causes learning problem.
- Draw up a personal learning plan(PLP) to helping the child.

Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do repeatedly. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things.Tics are very common in children and will often wax and wane in intensity over time.
It is very common for the tics to “rotate,” meaning that they will have one for a while and then a different one takes over.
Tics are often worse in times of stress or illness.
Tics gets better with time and usually does not require treatment, medication can be prescribed it tics are causing distress to the child.

Duration of Anti Epileptic Drugs(.AED) depends on the type of seizures and associated problems, Medications can be stopped after being seizure free for 2 years. Chances of remaining seizure free after stopping AED’s is around 65%.

DO:
- Move anything that could hurt the child
- Put something soft and flat under the child's head (pillow, folded jacket or sweater)
- Turn the child gently to one side to prevent choking
- Loosen anything around the child's neck
- Keep track of how long the seizure lasts ● Stay calm and comfort the child afterward

DON'T:
- Try to hold the child
- Try to stop any movements or tongue-biting
- Try to open or put something in the child's mouth
- Try to give him anything to drink

While no activity is completely safe, restricting children from many activities can limit the child too much. Children can take part in all physical activities if their seizures are well controlled. Child will need closer attention in sports like swimming, climbing etc.

Take the medicine as soon as you remember, please do not take higher dose if you have missed the last dose.